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COMMAND REFERENCE

Basic ATC commands
for beginners.

Every instruction you can give, in plain English and in the phraseology a real controller uses. Both work. Say it however comes naturally, and pick up the proper wording as you go.

FORMATWho, then whatHow to say it ↓
NUMBERSSpoken digit by digitReading numbers ↓
IF MISHEARDThe pilot asks againWhen it goes wrong ↓

The shape of every instruction

Always the callsign first, then the instruction. The callsign tells one specific aircraft that the next words are for them — on a shared frequency, everybody hears everything, so without it nobody knows who you mean.

“IndiGo 421, descend and maintain 6000.”

You can give two instructions in one transmission — “turn right heading 090, descend 4000” — which is what a real controller does when the frequency is busy.

Turns

Plain
“Turn left to 270” · “turn right, heading 090” · “fly heading 310”
Phraseology
“Turn left heading two seven zero”
What it does
Points the aircraft at a compass direction in degrees. 360 north, 090 east, 180 south, 270 west.

Altitude

Plain
“Drop down to 5000” · “come down to 3000” · “climb to 8000” · “go up to one two thousand”
Phraseology
“Descend and maintain five thousand” · “climb and maintain eight thousand”
What it does
Sets a target altitude in feet. Arrivals need to lose height steadily; 1,000 feet of vertical gap also keeps two aircraft legally apart.

Speed

Plain
“Slow to 180” · “speed up to 250” · “keep your speed up” · “expedite”
Phraseology
“Reduce speed one eight zero knots” · “increase speed two five zero knots”
What it does
Adjusts the gap between two aircraft without changing direction. Saying “expedite” tells the crew to comply as quickly as they can.

Approach clearance

Plain
“You're cleared for the approach” · “cleared ILS 27”
Phraseology
“Cleared ILS approach runway two seven”
What it does
Releases the aircraft to lock onto the landing guidance beams and fly itself down. Only works once it is roughly 10 to 14 miles out, within about 30° of the runway heading, and below the descent path.

Handoff to Tower

Plain
“Contact Tower” · “switch to tower”
Phraseology
“Contact Tower one one eight decimal one”
What it does
Passes the aircraft to the controller who owns the runway. This is the last thing you do for each arrival, and it clears your frequency for the next one.

How numbers are spoken

Aviation reads numbers digit by digit so they cannot be confused over a noisy radio: 240 is “two four zero”, not “two hundred and forty”. Altitudes are the exception and are spoken in thousands — 5,000 is “five thousand”.

The game accepts both. “Turn left two seven zero” and “turn left to 270” do the same thing.

When you are not understood

The pilot tells you. Rather than guessing and doing something you did not ask for, the crew asks you to repeat — “say again” — which is exactly what happens on a real frequency when a transmission is stepped on or unclear.

Two other things worth knowing: only one person can talk at a time, so if you key up while a pilot is speaking you cut them off, just as in reality. And if you address an aircraft that is not on your frequency, nobody answers.